List Of Russian Aircraft - Equipment, including weapons systems, ships, ground vehicles and aircraft, is given intelligence names by NATO to prevent confusion between units from different member states.
NATO message titles are designed to quickly convey the type of weapon system or platform being discussed.
List Of Russian Aircraft
This code name or reporting name is used in radio communications and is commonly used among Westerners and enthusiasts.
List Of Tanker Aircraft
For aircraft, the NATO naming convention includes the first letter to indicate the type of aircraft involved.
For fixed-wing aircraft, one-syllable names are used for propeller-driven aircraft and two-syllable names for jet aircraft. This resolution does not apply to helicopters.
RAF Typhoons were launched in February to intercept a Russian Tupolev Tu-95 bomber - 'The Bear' - approaching British airspace (Image: MOD).
Russia uses aircraft such as Flanker (Sukhoi Su-27), Fencer (Sukhoi Su-24) and Frogfoot (Sukhoi Su-25). The Ukrainians have been seen using the Fulcrum (Mikoyan MiG-29) as well as the Flanker and Frogfoot.
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They also operate a number of Tupolev Tu-95 bombers, known by NATO intelligence as the Bear, which have been intercepted by Royal Air Force fighters in the past.
Candid (Ilyushin Il-76), Cub (Antonov An-12), Curl (Antonov An-26) and Condor (Antonov An-124) are all commercial aircraft, transport aircraft or cargo aircraft used by Russia.
The number of syllables used in the aircraft name in summary can also provide important information about the type and capabilities.
For example, a monosyllabic name such as the Tu-95 "Bear" bomber refers to a piston or propeller aircraft, while a two-syllable name refers to a jet aircraft such as the MiG-29 "Fulcrum".
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Russia uses a collection of helicopters such as Hip (Mil Mi-8 - Mi-17), Hind (Mil Mi-24 - Mi-35), Hokum (Ka-50 and Ka-52), Havoc (Mi -28) and Helix (Kamov 2nd). A Russian Sukhoi Su-35 fighter jet launches a missile during the Aviadarts International Army Games 2021 competition at the Dubrovichi firing range near Ryazan, Russia on August 27, 2021. / Maxim Shemetov/File Photo
WASHINGTON, March 1 () - Ahead of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, US intelligence has predicted a storm of attacks from Moscow that will quickly expand Russian air power that the military has assembled to dominate Ukraine's skies.
But the first six days have confounded those expectations and instead seen Moscow become more sensitive with its air force, so US officials have been unable to explain exactly what has prompted Russia's reluctance to take risks.
"They are not necessarily willing to take high risks with their own planes and pilots," a US defense official said on condition of anonymity.
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Ukraine's own air force, which outnumbers the Russian military in terms of numbers and firepower, is still flying and its air defenses are still considered viable - a fact that baffles military experts.
After the war's opening salvos on February 24, analysts expect the Russian military to try to immediately destroy Ukraine's air force and air defenses.
This would be "a logical and expected next step, as seen in almost every military conflict since 1938," the London-based think tank RUSSI wrote in an article titled "The Mysterious Case of the Missing Russian Air Force."
However, Ukrainian Air Force fighter jets still conduct low-level defensive air and ground strikes. Russia still flies over disputed airspace.
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Ukrainian forces with surface-to-air missiles can threaten Russian aircraft and pose a risk to Russian pilots trying to support ground forces.
"There are a lot of things going on that are confusing," said Rob Lee, a Russian military specialist at the Institute for Foreign Policy Research.
"Because every day it goes, it costs something and the risk goes up. And they don't do it, and it's really hard to explain what the real reason is."
Confusion over the use of Russia's air force comes as President Joe Biden's administration rejects Kiev's call for a no-fly zone that could draw the United States directly into conflict with Russia, whose plans for an air force are unclear.
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Military experts saw evidence of a lack of coordination between Russian air force and ground unit formations, with several columns of Russian troops sent forward beyond the range of their own air defenses.
This leaves Russian forces vulnerable to attacks by Ukrainian forces, including those newly equipped with Turkish drones and US and British anti-tank missiles.
David Deptula, a retired three-star U.S. Air Force general who once commanded a no-fly zone in northern Iraq, said he was surprised Russia didn't work harder to establish air dominance from the start.
"Russia has discovered that coordinating operations in multiple domains is not easy," Deptula said. “And they're not as good as they think they are.
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Ukraine's experience over the past eight years fighting Russian-backed separatist forces in the east has been dominated by World War I-style static trench warfare.
By contrast, Russian forces have gained combat experience in Syria, where they intervened on behalf of President Bashar al-Assad and have shown some ability to synchronize ground maneuvers with airstrikes and drones.
Ukraine's ability to maintain its air force jets is a visible demonstration of the country's resilience in the face of attack and boosts the morale of its own military and the Ukrainian people, experts say.
It also led to the mythologising of the Ukrainian air force, including the story of a Ukrainian jet fighter that allegedly shot down six Russian planes on its own, dubbed online as the "Ghost of Kyiv".
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Fact-checkers have revealed how a clip from the video game Digital Combat Simulator was misrepresented online to claim it was a real Ukrainian fighter jet that shot down a Russian jet.
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The United States estimates that Russia used more than 75 aircraft during its attack on Ukraine, a senior US official said.
Before the invasion, officials estimated that Russia had the potential to prepare hundreds of thousands of aircraft in its air force for missions in Ukraine. But senior US officials declined to estimate on Tuesday how many Russian warplanes, including attack helicopters, were still available and outside Ukraine.
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Phil Stewart has reported on more than 60 countries, including Afghanistan, Ukraine, Syria, Iraq, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, China and South Sudan. An award-winning national security reporter from Washington, Phil has appeared on NPR, PBS NewsHour, Fox News and other programs and moderated national security events, including the Reagan National Defense Forum and the German Marshall Fund. He is the recipient of the Edwin M. Hood Award for Diplomatic Correspondence and the Joe Galloway Award.
National security reporters focus on the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. Reports on US military activities and operations around the world and their impact. He reports from more than two dozen countries, including Iraq, Afghanistan and much of the Middle East, Asia and Europe. From Karachi, Pakistan.
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